1962-01-26 USA Ranger 3

Ranger 3 was a NASA mission aimed at exploring the Moon, launched on January 26, 1962, as part of the Ranger program. However, due to a series of malfunctions, the spacecraft missed the Moon by 22,000 miles (35,000 kilometers) and entered a heliocentric orbit instead.

A Ranger 3 launch cover from "SpaceCraft", postmarked at Patrick Air Force Base with a machine cancel on January 26, 1962.
The Ranger 3 space probe was designed to transmit images of the lunar surface during a 10-minute flight before impacting the Moon. Its objectives included landing a seismometer capsule on the Moon, collecting gamma-ray data during flight, studying the lunar surface's radar reflectivity, and further testing the Ranger program to advance the development of lunar and interplanetary spacecraft.

(Reference from Ranger 3)